Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Yemeni Patients
Taha Al-Maimoony1, Nora Al-Sageer1, Mervat Alnajjar1
1Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sanaa University, Sanaa, Yemen.
Insights
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Yemen showed successful outcomes with low complications. This study highlights the feasibility of advanced cardiac procedures even in challenging settings, offering valuable data for Yemeni cardiology.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly vital for acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), reducing the need for coronary artery bypass grafting.
- Limited data exists on PCI characteristics and outcomes in Yemen, necessitating local studies.
- This research focuses on Yemeni patients undergoing PCI at the Military Cardiac Center.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate patient presentation and characteristics for PCI in Yemen.
- To assess the outcomes of Yemeni patients undergoing PCI.
- To establish baseline data for interventional cardiology in Yemen.
Main Methods:
- A 6-month prospective study at the Military Cardiac Center in Sanaa City.
- Inclusion of all patients undergoing primary or elective PCI.
- Extraction and analysis of clinical, demographic, procedural, and outcome data.
Main Results:
- 250 patients underwent PCI (mean age 57 ± 11 years, 84% male).
- High prevalence of traditional risk factors: smoking (61.6%), hypertension (56%), diabetes (37%), hyperlipidemia (48.4%).
- Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction was the primary indication (41%); 97% femoral access; all drug-eluting stents used; 17.6% complications, 2% mortality.
Conclusions:
- PCI was successfully performed in Yemeni patients despite challenging circumstances.
- In-hospital complication and mortality rates were low, comparable to international standards.
- The study demonstrates the viability of advanced cardiac interventions in Yemen.
Background:
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly used in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). PCI has decreased the demand for coronary artery bypass grafting, and more patients with ACS are now undergoing PCI. No previous data about the characteristics and outcome of patients performing PCI in Yemen. This study aimed to assess the patient presentation, characteristics, and outcome among Yemeni patients having PCI in the Military Cardiac Center.
Methods:
All patients who underwent PCI either primary or elective in the Military Cardiac Center in Sanaa City were included over 6 months. Clinical, demographic, procedural, and outcome data were extracted and analyzed.
Results:
During the study period, 250 patients underwent PCI. The mean ± standard deviation age was 57 ± 11 years, with 84% being male. Of all the patients, 61.6% (156) smoked tobacco, 56% (140) had hypertension, 37% (93) had Type 2 diabetes, 48.4% (121) had hyperlipidemia, and 8% (20) had a family history of ischemic heart disease. Coronary artery presentation was in the form of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction at 41% (102), non-STEMI at 5.2% (58), stable angina at 31% (77), and unstable angina at 5.2% (13). Coronary artery interventions were elective PCI in 81% (203), emergency in 11% (27), and urgent in 8% (20) with only 3% radial artery access and 97% femoral access. PCI was mainly in the left anterior descending artery in 82% (179), right coronary artery in 41% (89), left circumflex artery in 23% (54), and left main in 1.25% (3). All stents were drug-eluting stents during the registry time. Complication occurred in 17.6% (44) and case fatality was 2% (5).
Conclusions:
Despite the current situation in Yemen, PCI was performed with success in a large number of patients with a low incidence of inhospital complications and mortality that is comparable to high- or middle-income settings.
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