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Coronavirus disease 2019 and gastrointestinal disorders in children

Anna Röckert Tjernberg1, Petter Malmborg2,3,4, Karl Mårild5,6

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kalmar County Hospital, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar S-391 85, Sweden.

Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
|June 12, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), do not face a higher risk of severe COVID-19. Current evidence does not link COVID-19 to the development of these pediatric GI conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global health, with varying disease severity across age groups.
  • Children generally experience milder COVID-19 than adults, but may present with more pronounced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.
  • The developing immune system in children may influence COVID-19's impact on disease development differently than in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential bi-directional relationship between COVID-19 and pediatric GI diseases.
  • To focus on common conditions: functional GI disorders (FGID), celiac disease (CeD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating COVID-19 and pediatric GI conditions.
  • Analysis of existing data on disease manifestations, severity, and potential triggers.

Main Results:

  • Children with GI diseases, particularly CeD and IBD, do not appear to have an increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalization, critical care, death).
  • There is insufficient evidence to establish COVID-19 as a direct cause or trigger for FGID, CeD, or IBD in children.
  • Infections are known potential environmental factors in CeD and IBD pathogenesis, and triggers for FGID.

Conclusions:

  • Current data suggest pediatric GI patients are not at higher risk for severe COVID-19.
  • Further research is needed to explore the potential long-term effects and causal links between COVID-19 and pediatric GI diseases due to data scarcity and potential latency periods.

Keywords:
COVID-19celiac diseasefunctional gastrointestinal disorderinflammatory bowel disease

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