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Intelligence and early academic underachievement.

S B Kroft, H C Ratzlaff, B A Perks

    The British Journal of Clinical Psychology
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Early underachievement was studied in first graders. The investigation found that 20% of students were underachievers, with equal representation across average, bright, and superior intellectual groups.

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    Area of Science:

    • Child Psychology
    • Educational Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology

    Background:

    • Underachievement in early education is a concern.
    • Identifying underachievers at a young age is crucial for timely intervention.
    • Previous research has explored factors contributing to underachievement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the early incidence of underachievement in first-grade students.
    • To assess the relative incidence of underachievement across different intellectual levels (average, bright, superior).
    • To understand if intellectual ability influences the likelihood of early underachievement.

    Main Methods:

    • A sample of first-grade students (ages 6:3 to 7:3 years) was assessed.
    • Students were categorized into intellectual groups: average, bright, and superior.
    • The incidence of underachievement was calculated for each intellectual group.

    Main Results:

    • Overall, 20% of the students were identified as underachievers.
    • Underachievers were found to be equally represented among the average, bright, and superior intellectual groups.
    • Intellectual level did not appear to be a differentiating factor for early underachievement in this sample.

    Conclusions:

    • Early underachievement affects a significant portion of first graders.
    • Underachievement occurs across a spectrum of intellectual abilities, not solely in lower-intellect groups.
    • Further research is needed to explore other contributing factors to underachievement in young children.

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