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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Oncolytic Virotherapy.

Munazza Fatima1, Deeba Amraiz2, Muhammad Tariq Navid1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Cancer Treatment and Research
|June 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer a promising cancer treatment by selectively destroying cancer cells. This immunotherapy approach is advancing, with OVs showing success in clinical trials as monotherapies or combined with traditional treatments.

Keywords:
Cancer therapyClinical trialsImmunotherapyOncolytic viruses

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Conventional cancer therapies have limitations.
  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as a promising immunotherapy platform.
  • OVs selectively target and destroy cancer cells via lysis or immune response induction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the fundamental characteristics and mechanisms of action of oncolytic viruses.
  • To provide an overview of clinical trials involving various oncolytic viruses for different cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of oncolytic virus characteristics and mechanisms.
  • Compilation and analysis of data from ongoing and completed clinical trials.
  • Exploration of strategies to enhance OV efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy utilizes naturally occurring or genetically modified viruses.
  • Several OVs have demonstrated success in clinical trials for various cancers.
  • OVs are effective as monotherapies and in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy presents a novel approach to cancer treatment.
  • Further understanding of tumor-immune responses will enable precise cancer treatment with OVs.
  • Oncolytic viruses are poised to become a key component of multimodality cancer treatment strategies.