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What does Eysenck's psychoticism scale really measure?

E Howarth

    British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Eysenck's psychoticism scale, a composite of primary traits, was examined using factor analytic and correlational evidence. High scorers exhibit impulsivity and low social sensitivity, indicating psychoticism is the least clear of Eysenck's superfactors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Personality Psychology
    • Psychometrics

    Background:

    • Eysenck proposed three major personality superfactors: neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), and psychoticism (P).
    • The psychoticism (P) scale is conceptualized as a superfactor but may represent a composite of primary traits.
    • Understanding the primary trait composition of psychoticism is crucial for personality assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the primary trait components of Eysenck's psychoticism scale.
    • To determine if psychoticism functions as a unified superfactor or a complex of distinct traits.
    • To provide evidence regarding the factor composition and nature of psychoticism.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of factor analytic studies, including those by the author and by Barratt & Kline.
    • Inclusion of correlational evidence from the author's study and a study by Eysenck.
    • Examination of trait loadings associated with high scores on the psychoticism scale.

    Main Results:

    • Factor analytic studies showed agreement on the factor composition of psychoticism.
    • Evidence suggests psychoticism is a composite or complex of primary traits rather than a single univocal factor.
    • High scorers on the psychoticism scale exhibit traits such as impulsiveness, rigidity, and low social sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The psychoticism scale is best understood as a composite of primary traits.
    • Psychoticism (P) emerged as the least univocal of Eysenck's three main superfactors.
    • The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of personality structure and measurement.

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