Reduced benefit of novelty detection on subsequent memory judgments in paranoia

Novelty detection is critical to the effective employment of memory-guided behavior. While recent work has found impaired novelty detection in subclinical paranoia, other studies show different patterns. Here, we tested the hypothesis that those higher in paranoia receive less benefit from novelty in their immediate environment when making subsequent mnemonic judgments. Using a continuous recognition task (comprising Old, New, and Similar items) in a sample drawn from an online marketplace (N = 450), we found that Similar trial performance was generally enhanced by preceding judgments of "New" versus "Old"-replicating prior work. However, paranoia was associated with a reduction of this novelty-based enhancement-a novel finding. Those experiencing paranoia may thus less readily use novelty to adjudicate between the competing mnemonic processes of encoding and retrieval. We interpret this finding in light of the role of novelty detection in maintaining adaptive predictive models, suggesting that this deficit may reduce coherence between one's active predictive model and one's environment, thereby contributing to perceptions of the world as unduly uncertain and threatening. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).