Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

389
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
389
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

251
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
251
Storage01:23

Storage

107
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
107
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

80
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
80
Chunking01:12

Chunking

148
Chunking is a powerful cognitive technique that improves short-term memory retention by organizing information into smaller, more manageable units. The brain, limited by working memory capacity, can more easily process and store information when it is divided into "chunks" rather than presented as discrete, unrelated elements. Chunking is especially useful when dealing with large amounts of information, such as numerical sequences, words, or complex ideas.
The principle behind chunking...
148
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

562
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
562

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Valve-Sparing Root Replacement Following Congenital Heart Disease Repair: Lesion-Specific Technical Considerations.

World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery·2026
Same author

Behavioral and Self-Report Measures of Spontaneous Mind Wandering Predict Different Aspects of ADHD in Adults.

Journal of attention disorders·2026
Same author

Articulatory rehearsal modulates word frequency effect in working memory tasks.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

People are sensitive to environmental predictability when engaging cognitive control.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same author

Neural bases of consciousness in Zen meditation: central executive and default mode networks during cognitive conflict.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Waiting Longer With Less Work: The Impact of Habits and Social Trust on Children's Delay of Gratification.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Testing the predictions of a distinctiveness model of memory: The production effect in backward recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

On the impact of adjacency on transposed-word effects under serial presentation.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

It's time to opt out: Metacognitive analysis of time regulation under uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

The role of statistical learning in attentional guidance during search through naturalistic scenes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Crossmodal correspondences influence adaptation during rule-based category learning of objects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

13.7K

Time sharing in working memory processing.

Pierre Barrouillet1, Valérie Camos2, Takehiro Minamoto3

  • 1Deparment of Psychology, University of Geneva.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|June 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored working memory (WM) by examining letter and tone tasks. Findings suggest current WM models need refinement, highlighting the importance of diverse tasks for understanding cognitive processes.

More Related Videos

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

29.8K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

13.7K
Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

29.8K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) models often prioritize memory storage over processing.
  • Existing research frequently focuses on memory performance in WM tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate working memory functioning beyond solely short-term memory performance.
  • To test the predictions of the time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) framework for WM.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed an n-back task with varying n values (0-2) using letters.
  • A tone discrimination task (1-3 tones) followed each letter presentation.
  • The study examined the reciprocal effects of these tasks on cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • Increased n-value in the n-back task negatively impacted tone discrimination accuracy and response times.
  • An increased number of tones in the discrimination task impaired n-back performance speed and accuracy.
  • The observed results partially aligned with, but did not fully support, TBRS predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Current working memory models may not fully account for observed cognitive interactions.
  • Further research requires a broader array of tasks and scenarios to develop robust WM models.
  • The findings underscore the complexity of balancing processing and memory within working memory systems.