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Bisphenol P and bisphenol M promote triple-negative breast cancer metastasis through activation of AKT pathways

Jinmi Liu1, Haiping Wang2, Xiaoying Hou2

  • 1Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|June 12, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Bisphenol P (BPP) and bisphenol M (BPM) exposure promotes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis by enhancing cell migration and invasion. This occurs via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Bisphenol A (BPA) analogues, including Bisphenol P (BPP) and Bisphenol M (BPM), are increasingly prevalent environmental contaminants.
  • Limited data exists regarding the biological effects and health risks associated with BPP and BPM exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of low to medium dose BPP and BPM exposure on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms driving BPP/BPM-induced effects on TNBC.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, 4T1) and mouse models to varying concentrations of BPP and BPM.
  • Assessment of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
  • Analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (N-cadherin, MMP-9, MMP-2, Snail) and AKT phosphorylation.
  • Inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway using wortmannin to observe reversal effects.

Main Results:

  • BPP and BPM exposure significantly promoted TNBC cell migration and invasion, but did not affect proliferation.
  • In vivo studies confirmed BPP and BPM enhance TNBC metastasis.
  • Upregulation of EMT markers and AKT phosphorylation was observed both in vitro and in vivo.
  • Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation reversed BPP/BPM-induced TNBC metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway mediates BPP/BPM-induced TNBC metastasis through the induction of EMT.
  • These findings raise concerns about the safety of BPP and BPM as alternatives to BPA, highlighting potential risks in TNBC progression.
Keywords:
Bisphenol MBisphenol PEpithelial-mesenchymal transitionMetastasisPI3K/AKT signalingTriple negative breast cancer

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