Anal Carcinoma, Version 2.2023, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Gastroenterology
• Radiation Oncology

Background:

• Squamous cell anal carcinoma is the most common type of anal cancer.
• Management requires a multidisciplinary team including gastroenterology, medical oncology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and radiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for managing squamous cell anal carcinoma.
• To highlight recent updates to staging and systemic therapy recommendations.

Main Methods:

• Review of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Anal Carcinoma.
• Incorporation of updates based on the 9th edition of the AJCC Staging System.
• Inclusion of new data on systemic therapy for metastatic anal carcinoma.

Main Results:

• Primary treatment for perianal and anal canal cancer typically involves chemoradiation.
• Follow-up evaluations are recommended for all patients to identify opportunities for additional curative-intent treatment.
• Surgical treatment may be necessary for biopsy-proven locally recurrent or persistent disease.
• Systemic therapy is generally indicated for extrapelvic metastatic disease.

Conclusions:

• Adherence to NCCN Guidelines ensures optimal management of squamous cell anal carcinoma.
• Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for effective patient care.
• Updates in staging and systemic therapy reflect advancements in anal carcinoma treatment.