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New molecular targets in canine hemangiosarcoma-Comparative review and future of the precision medicine
Karolina Małgorzata Kapturska1,2, Aleksandra Pawlak1
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Abstract:
Human angiosarcoma and canine hemangiosarcoma reveal similarities not only in their aggressive clinical behaviour, but especially in molecular landscape and genetic alterations involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis formation. Currently, no satisfying treatment that allows for achieving long overall survival or even prolonged time to progression does not exist. Due to the progress that has been made in targeted therapies and precision medicine the basis for a new treatment design is to uncover mutations and their functions as possible targets to provide tailored drugs for individual cases. Whole exome or genome sequencing studies and immunohistochemistry brought in the last few years important discoveries and identified the most common mutations with probably crucial role in this tumour development. Also, despite a lack of mutation in some of the culprit genes, the cancerogenesis cause may be buried in main cellular pathways connected with proteins encoded by those genes and involving, for example, pathological angiogenesis. The aim of this review is to highlight the most promising molecular targets for precision oncology treatment from the veterinary perspective aided by the principles of comparative science. Some of the drugs are only undergoing laboratory in vitro studies and others entered the clinic in the management of other cancer types in humans, but those used in dogs with promising responses have been mentioned as priorities.
Insights
Canine hemangiosarcoma shares molecular similarities with human angiosarcoma, offering potential for targeted therapies. Research highlights key mutations and pathways for developing novel precision oncology treatments in dogs.
Area of Science:
- Comparative oncology
- Molecular biology
- Veterinary medicine
Background:
- Human angiosarcoma and canine hemangiosarcoma exhibit similar aggressive behaviors and molecular characteristics.
- Current treatments for these cancers offer limited survival benefits, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies.
- Advances in precision medicine underscore the importance of identifying specific molecular targets for tailored treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and highlight promising molecular targets for precision oncology in canine hemangiosarcoma, leveraging comparative science principles.
- To identify genetic alterations and cellular pathways crucial for tumorigenesis and metastasis in angiosarcoma.
- To evaluate the potential of targeted therapies for improving treatment outcomes in canine cancer patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of whole exome/genome sequencing studies and immunohistochemistry findings.
- Analysis of genetic alterations and their functional roles in tumor development.
- Exploration of cellular pathways, including pathological angiogenesis, implicated in cancerogenesis.
Main Results:
- Identification of common mutations with significant roles in angiosarcoma development.
- Recognition that cancerogenesis may involve key cellular pathways even without specific gene mutations.
- Prioritization of drug candidates based on in vitro studies and clinical responses in dogs and humans.
Conclusions:
- Comparative analysis of human and canine angiosarcoma reveals critical molecular targets for precision oncology.
- Targeted therapies hold promise for improving survival and progression-free time in canine hemangiosarcoma.
- Further research and clinical application of identified targets are crucial for advancing veterinary cancer treatment.
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