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A simple approach to develop a paper-based biosensor for real-time uric acid detection.

Gulshan Verma1, Saloni Singhal2, Prince Kumar Rai1

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This study presents an affordable, real-time sensor for detecting uric acid using a disposable paper substrate. The developed capacitive sensing module offers high sensitivity for early clinical screening of uric acid levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Elevated uric acid levels are linked to various health issues, necessitating accurate and accessible detection methods.
  • Current diagnostic tools can be expensive and complex, limiting widespread use.
  • Development of low-cost, disposable sensors is crucial for point-of-care diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an inexpensive, real-time sensing module for uric acid detection.
  • To utilize a disposable paper substrate for a portable biosensor platform.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance for potential clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a capacitive sensing module using functionalized zinc oxide (ZnO) hexagonal rods on copper interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) over hydrophobic paper.
  • Characterization of materials using FESEM, EDS, XRD, UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements.
  • Integration with Arduino Mega for real-time capacitance measurement and uric acid concentration display on an LCD screen.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a linear relationship between capacitance and uric acid concentration (0.1 mM–1 mM).
  • Achieved high sensitivity of 9.00 μF mM-1 cm-2 at 0.1 mM uric acid concentration.
  • Validated the sensor's capability for detecting uric acid in real samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sensing module is effective for inexpensive, real-time uric acid detection.
  • The disposable paper-based biosensor shows significant potential for early clinical screening.
  • This proof-of-concept paves the way for advanced, low-cost diagnostic tools.