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Author Spotlight: Developing Photo-Stimulation Technology for Toxin Removal in Sleep-Related Brain Diseases
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Photobiomodulation at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels.

Thayssa Gomes da Silva1, Rickson Souza Ribeiro2, Andre Luiz Mencalha2

  • 1Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Vila Isabel, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil. thayssa.biomed@gmail.com.

Lasers in Medical Science
|June 13, 2023
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Summary

Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves light-activated molecules influencing cells and the body. Understanding these molecular, cellular, and systemic effects enhances PBM

Keywords:
LaserLight-emitting diodesPhotobiomodulationPhototherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Cellular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Research into low-power laser biological effects began with Endre Mester's findings.
  • The term photobiomodulation (PBM) is now used, often with light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • The full spectrum of PBM's molecular, cellular, and systemic effects requires further elucidation for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular, cellular, and systemic effects of PBM.
  • To elucidate the biological complexity of PBM.
  • To enhance understanding for improved clinical safety and efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PBM effects.
  • Analysis of photon-photoacceptor interactions.
  • Examination of molecular signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • PBM initiates at the molecular level via photon-photoacceptor interactions, producing trigger molecules.
  • These molecular changes drive cellular effects like proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • Cellular effects translate to systemic outcomes, including inflammation modulation, tissue repair, and pain reduction.

Conclusions:

  • PBM exerts effects across molecular, cellular, and systemic levels.
  • Understanding these interconnected levels is crucial for optimizing PBM therapies.
  • Further research into PBM mechanisms can improve therapeutic outcomes and safety.