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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

24.0K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.8K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.8K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

63.5K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
63.5K
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

1.5K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
1.5K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.6K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Superionic Conductivity in Sodium Zirconium Chloride-Based Compounds.

Atsushi Inoishi1, Akinobu Nojima2, Maika Tanaka1

  • 1Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga-Shi, 816-8580, Japan.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 13, 2023
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Summary

Researchers developed new chloride-based solid electrolytes for all-solid-state sodium batteries. The material Na0.67Zr(SO4)0.33Cl4 exhibits high ionic conductivity, making it suitable for solid-state sodium battery applications.

Keywords:
chloridesionic conductorspolyanionssodium batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • All-solid-state sodium batteries are gaining interest due to safety and energy density.
  • Chloride-based solid electrolytes offer high chemical stability and low Young's modulus.
  • Developing efficient solid electrolytes is crucial for next-generation battery technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel superionic conductors for all-solid-state sodium batteries.
  • To investigate polyanion-added chloride-based materials as solid electrolytes.
  • To evaluate the ionic conductivity and suitability of new materials for sodium batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of polyanion-added chloride-based materials.
  • X-ray diffraction analysis to determine material structure.
  • Electrochemical measurements to assess ionic conductivity.

Main Results:

  • A new material, Na0.67Zr(SO4)0.33Cl4, was synthesized and identified as a superionic conductor.
  • The material demonstrated a high ionic conductivity of 1.6 mS/cm at room temperature.
  • Structural analysis revealed a mixture of amorphous phase and Na2ZrCl6 in the highly conducting material.

Conclusions:

  • Na0.67Zr(SO4)0.33Cl4 is a promising sodium ionic conductor for all-solid-state sodium batteries.
  • The electronegativity of the polyanion's central atom may influence ionic conductivity.
  • This research contributes to the development of stable and efficient solid electrolytes for sodium batteries.