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Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...

Antidotes

Antidotes

Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion

Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion

Published on: April 27, 2015

Hemoperfusion in Poisoning and Drug Overdose.

Fiorenza Ferrari^1,2, Miriam Manera³, Luigi D'Auria³

¹Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Contributions to Nephrology

|June 13, 2023

Summary

Hemoperfusion (HP) removes poisons and drugs from the body. This review focuses on HP

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Area of Science:

Nephrology and Toxicology
Extracorporeal Therapies

Background:

Hemoperfusion (HP) is a blood purification technique.
It is utilized for removing exogenous toxins and drugs from circulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a technical overview of Hemoperfusion.
To discuss its indications and limitations, particularly in acute poisoning.

Main Methods:

Literature review of Hemoperfusion applications.
Focus on acute poisoning cases from January 1, 2000, to April 30, 2022.

Main Results:

Hemoperfusion demonstrates potential in managing acute poisoning.
Technical aspects, indications, and limitations were analyzed.

Conclusions:

Hemoperfusion is a viable extracorporeal therapy for specific poisoning scenarios.
Further research may refine its application in critical care toxicology.