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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
382
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Related Experiment Video

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Omicron subvariant BA.5 efficiently infects lung cells.

Markus Hoffmann1,2, Lok-Yin Roy Wong3, Prerna Arora4,5

  • 1Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany. mhoffmann@dpz.eu.

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This summary is machine-generated.

The Omicron BA.5 subvariant efficiently infects lung cells, unlike earlier Omicron variants. This increased lung cell entry suggests a potential loss of attenuation in SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 showed reduced lung cell infection compared to earlier variants, correlating with lower pathogenicity.
  • The infectivity and pathogenicity of the BA.5 subvariant, which succeeded BA.1 and BA.2, remained unclear regarding lung cell infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 subvariant retains the attenuated lung cell infection phenotype observed in BA.1 and BA.2.
  • To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying BA.5's lung cell entry and replication efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of spike (S) protein cleavage at the S1/S2 site for BA.5 versus BA.1 and BA.2.
  • Assessment of cell-cell fusion and lung cell entry efficiency mediated by BA.5 S protein.
  • Evaluation of BA.5 replication in cultured human lung cells.
  • In vivo studies of BA.5 replication in the lungs of female Balb/c mice and the nasal cavity of female ferrets.

Main Results:

  • The BA.5 spike protein demonstrated increased S1/S2 site cleavage and enhanced efficiency in driving cell-cell fusion and lung cell entry compared to BA.1 and BA.2.
  • The H69Δ/V70Δ mutation was identified as crucial for the increased lung cell entry observed in BA.5.
  • BA.5 exhibited efficient replication in cultured lung cells and showed significantly higher replication in the lungs of mice and ferrets compared to BA.1.

Conclusions:

  • The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 subvariant has regained the capacity for efficient lung cell infection, a key factor for severe disease.
  • The evolution of Omicron subvariants can lead to a partial reversal of attenuation, with BA.5 demonstrating increased pathogenicity potential.
  • Findings highlight the dynamic nature of viral evolution and the potential for increased virulence in emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains.