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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
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Necrotizing enterocolitis, gut microbes, and sepsis.

Johannes W Duess1, Maame E Sampah1, Carla M Lopez1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.

Gut Microbes
|June 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants is a severe gastrointestinal disease. Toll-like receptor 4 is a key regulator in NEC development, impacting sepsis risk.

Keywords:
microbesnecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)prematuresepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants.
  • The exact pathophysiology of NEC is not fully understood but involves bacterial and dietary factors in a vulnerable host.
  • Intestinal perforation and sepsis are severe complications of advanced NEC.

Approach:

  • This review examines the role of microbial signaling, specifically toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), in NEC pathogenesis.
  • It explores the interplay between the immature immune system, intestinal ischemia, and systemic inflammation.
  • Pre-clinical therapeutic strategies for NEC are also discussed.

Key Points:

  • Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is identified as a critical regulator in the development of NEC.
  • Bacterial signaling on the intestinal epithelium significantly contributes to NEC.
  • The immature immune system and intestinal ischemia are crucial factors in NEC pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial signaling and immune response is vital for NEC prevention and treatment.
  • Targeting TLR4 and managing inflammation may offer promising therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research into pre-clinical models could lead to effective interventions for NEC and associated sepsis.