Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Biaryl Anilines as Subtype-Selective PPAR-alpha Agonists

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in retinal biology is clarifying, and evidence demonstrates that novel PPARα agonists hold promising therapeutic utility for diseases like diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Herein, we disclose the design and initial structure-activity relationships for a new biaryl aniline PPARα agonistic chemotype. Notably, this series exhibits subtype selectivity for PPARα over other isoforms, a phenomenon postulated to be due to the unique benzoic acid headgroup. This biphenyl aniline series is sensitive to B-ring functionalization but allows isosteric replacement, and provides an opportunity for C-ring extension. From this series, 3g, 6j, and 6d were identified as leads with <90 nM potency in a cell-based luciferase assay cell and exhibited efficacy in various disease-relevant cell contexts, thereby setting the stage for further characterization in more advanced in vitro and in vivo models.