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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Failure to decrease HbA1c levels following TB treatment is associated with elevated Th1/Th17 CD4+ responses.

Robert Krause1,2, Christian M Warren3, Joshua D Simmons3

  • 1Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent inflammation and elevated T cell activity are linked to stable/increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in tuberculosis (TB) patients post-treatment. This suggests potential links between immunometabolic dysregulation and unresolved hyperglycemia in TB survivors.

Keywords:
CX3CR1HIVHbA1cIL-17TNF-αdiabeteshyperglycemiatuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunometabolism
  • Tuberculosis Research
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Metabolic diseases, like diabetes mellitus (DM), increase tuberculosis (TB) risk and severity.
  • Active TB can worsen glucose intolerance, impacting long-term health outcomes.
  • Identifying patients with persistent hyperglycemia post-TB treatment is crucial for targeted care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between plasma cytokine levels, T cell phenotypes, and changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) after TB treatment.
  • To identify immunometabolic markers associated with stable or increased HbA1c levels post-TB therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational cohort study in Durban, South Africa.
  • Measurement of plasma cytokines and T cell phenotypes before and after TB treatment.
  • Stratification of participants based on HbA1c change (stable/increased vs. decreased).

Main Results:

  • Individuals with stable/increased HbA1c showed elevated CD62 P-selectin and IL-17, with downregulated IL-10.
  • Increased Th1 responses (TNF-α, CX3CR1) and decreased Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) were observed in the stable/increased HbA1c group.
  • Specific T cell populations (TNF-α+ IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells) were associated with stable/increased HbA1c.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with stable/increased HbA1c post-TB treatment exhibit a heightened pro-inflammatory state.
  • Persistent inflammation and T cell activity may contribute to unresolved dysglycemia after TB.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking TB, inflammation, and persistent hyperglycemia.