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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Forgetting01:21

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Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Blinding01:11

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Amnesia01:13

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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind
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Defying Deafness: Remembering Jack Ashley.

Paul Douglas-Jones1, Tiarnan Magos1, John Rutka1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|June 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Jack Ashley became Britain's first deaf politician after profound hearing loss from myringoplasty. His experience inspired global change for deaf and disabled individuals.

Keywords:
cochlear implantdisabilityhearing losshistorical

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Case Study
  • Political Science
  • Disability Advocacy

Background:

  • A routine myringoplasty procedure resulted in profound hearing loss for Jack Ashley.
  • This unexpected complication affected his only hearing ear, leading to total deafness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document Jack Ashley's transition from patient to politician.
  • To highlight how a personal medical challenge can drive advocacy and policy change.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case review of Jack Ashley's personal and professional journey.
  • Analysis of his political career and advocacy efforts post-hearing loss.

Main Results:

  • Ashley became Britain's first deaf Member of Parliament.
  • He became a significant advocate for the rights of deaf and disabled people worldwide.

Conclusions:

  • Personal adversity can be transformed into a powerful catalyst for societal change.
  • Jack Ashley's story exemplifies resilience and effective disability advocacy.