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Changes in occlusion after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Feras AlMofreh AlQahtani1, Sudhir Rama Varma2,3, Sam Thomas Kuriadom2,3
1, Al-Khobar City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ferasalqahtani11@gmail.com.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|June 14, 2023
Summary
Orthognathic surgery improves occlusal force, chewing, and swallowing immediately post-operation. However, maximal bite force and occlusal contact pressure areas showed no significant changes in this systematic review.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Orthodontics
- Biomechanical Engineering
Background:
- Orthognathic surgery corrects dentofacial deformities.
- Understanding post-surgical occlusal changes is crucial for patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and identify changes in occlusion after orthognathic surgery.
- To analyze occlusal force, bite force, chewing, swallowing, and contact pressure areas.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following PRISMA-P guidelines.
- Inclusion of original articles with pre- and post-operative occlusal force measurements (minimum 1-year follow-up).
- Exclusion of non-English articles, case reports, and reviews.
Main Results:
- 14 studies were critically reviewed from an initial search of 978 articles.
- Occlusal force increased post-surgery, but not to control group levels.
- Maximal bite force remained unchanged; chewing and swallowing forces increased immediately post-surgery.
- Significant reductions in postoperative occlusal contact pressure areas were observed.
Conclusions:
- Orthognathic surgery leads to increased occlusal, chewing, and swallowing forces.
- Maximal bite force and occlusal contact pressure areas require further investigation.
- The findings provide insights into the functional recovery of occlusion post-orthognathic surgery.
