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Expectations guiding decisions are dynamically set by memory inference. This research shows how memory content and fidelity influence perceptual decision-making through continuous evidence sampling.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Perceptual decisions are often fast and accurate, suggesting the influence of prior expectations.
  • The precise mechanisms by which expectations are formed and updated remain incompletely understood.
  • Memory is known to influence ongoing cognitive processes, but its dynamic role in setting expectations for perception is an active area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that expectations are dynamically set by memory inference.
  • To investigate how memory and sensory evidence are integrated in perceptual decision-making.
  • To explore the neural basis of memory-guided expectation setting.

Main Methods:

  • A cue-guided perceptual decision task was employed with independent manipulation of memory and sensory evidence.
  • Participants' responses were analyzed in relation to the reliability of both memory and sensory information.
  • Computational modeling (formal model comparison) was used to determine the best explanation for sensory inference.
  • Neural pattern analysis was conducted to examine brain activity related to memory reinstatement and probe responses.

Main Results:

  • Participant responses reflected the integration of both memory and sensory information, weighted by their relative reliability.
  • The best computational model indicated that sensory inference parameters were dynamically set by evidence sampled from memory on a trial-by-trial basis.
  • Neural activity patterns confirmed that memory reinstatement content and fidelity modulated responses to the perceptual probe.

Conclusions:

  • Expectations are not static but are dynamically updated through inference from memory.
  • Perceptual decisions result from a continuous process of sampling and integrating evidence from both memory and sensory inputs.
  • This study provides a framework for understanding how memory actively shapes real-time perception and decision-making.