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Association between Intestinal Microecological Changes and Atherothrombosis.

Xinyu Zhuo1, Hui Luo1,2, Rumei Lei1

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China.

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Intestinal microecology significantly impacts atherosclerosis (AS), a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Imbalances in gut bacteria and their metabolites contribute to AS development and progression.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease and the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
  • AS pathogenesis involves lipid infiltration, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation.
  • Emerging research highlights the critical role of intestinal microecological disorders in AS development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between intestinal microecology and atherosclerosis.
  • To explore how gut bacteria and their metabolites influence AS.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for AS based on gut health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the gut-AS axis.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking gut microbiota, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acid metabolism to AS.
  • Synthesis of current research on the impact of intestinal microecological balance on AS.

Main Results:

  • Intestinal G-bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes AS by triggering inflammatory responses.
  • Bacterial metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) influence lipid metabolism and blood pressure, affecting AS.
  • Disruptions in intestinal microecology interfere with bile acid metabolism, exacerbating AS progression.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining a balanced intestinal microecology is crucial for preventing and managing atherosclerosis.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome and its metabolites offers a promising therapeutic strategy for AS.
  • Further research into the gut-arterial crosstalk is essential for advancing AS treatment.