Opportunities for Systems Biology and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology to Address Knowledge Gaps for Drug...

Pregnant women are still viewed as therapeutic orphans to the extent that they are avoided as participants in mainstream clinical trials and not considered a priority for targeted drug research despite the fact that many clinical conditions exist during pregnancy for which pharmacotherapy is warranted. Part of the challenge is the uncertain risk potential that pregnant women represent in the absence of timely and costly toxicology and developmental pharmacology studies, which only partly mitigate such risks. Even when clinical trials are conducted in pregnant women, they are often underpowered and absent biomarkers and exclude evaluation across multiple stages of pregnancy where relevant development risk could have been assessed. Quantitative systems pharmacology model development has been proposed as one solution to fill knowledge gaps, make earlier and perhaps more informed risk assessment, and design more informative trials with better recommendations for biomarker and end point selection including design and sample size optimality. Funding for translational research in pregnancy is limited but will fill some of these gaps, especially when joined with ongoing clinical trials in pregnancy that also fill certain knowledge gaps, especially biomarker and end point evaluation across pregnancy states linked to clinical outcomes. Opportunities exist for further advances in quantitative systems pharmacology model development with the inclusion of real-world data sources and complimentary artificial intelligence/machine learning approaches. The successful coordination of the approach reliant on these new data sources will require commitments to share data and a diverse multidisciplinary group that seeks to develop open science models that benefit the entire research community, ensuring that such models can be used with high fidelity. New data opportunities and computational resources are highlighted in an effort to project how these efforts can move forward.