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Parameter optimization of hollow-core optical fiber phase modulators.

Linhao Guo, Shoulin Jiang, Shoufei Gao

    Optics Letters
    |June 15, 2023
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    Researchers optimized acetylene (C2H2)-filled hollow-core fiber phase modulators. Argon buffer gas and specific C2H2 concentrations maximized phase modulation, achieving π-rad at 100 kHz.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Photothermal phase modulators are crucial for optical signal processing.
    • Hollow-core fibers offer unique properties for gas-based light-matter interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of gas concentration, buffer gas, fiber length, and fiber type on the performance of acetylene-filled hollow-core fiber photothermal phase modulators.
    • To optimize modulator performance for enhanced phase modulation and bandwidth.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic study of varying acetylene (C2H2) concentrations and buffer gases (Argon).
    • Performance evaluation using anti-resonant and photonic bandgap hollow-core fibers of different lengths.
    • Measurement of phase modulation depth, frequency response, and switching times.

    Main Results:

    • Argon as a buffer gas yielded the highest phase modulation for a given control power.
    • An optimal C2H2 concentration was identified for maximizing phase modulation at a fixed fiber length.
    • A 23-cm anti-resonant hollow-core fiber modulator achieved π-rad phase modulation at 100 kHz with 200 mW control power.
    • Modulation bandwidth was extended to ~1.1 MHz using a photonic bandgap hollow-core fiber, with rise/fall times under 0.6 µs.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimized gas mixtures and hollow-core fiber types significantly enhance photothermal phase modulator performance.
    • Photonic bandgap hollow-core fibers demonstrate superior modulation bandwidth compared to anti-resonant types.
    • The study provides critical insights for designing high-performance optical fiber phase modulators.