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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Skin Model Diversity with Cost-Effective 3D Cellular Models
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Skin Model Diversity with Cost-Effective 3D Cellular Models

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Cracking cancer with engineered skin commensals.

Serena Galiè1, Luigi Nezi1

  • 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

Cell Host & Microbe
|June 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Engineered bacteria can deliver cancer therapies by presenting tumor antigens to T cells, effectively counteracting tumor progression. This innovative approach utilizes skin microbes for cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Bacterial colonists are emerging as promising carriers for cancer therapy.
  • Engineering bacteria offers a novel strategy for targeted cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a commensal bacterium for cancer therapy.
  • To enable bacteria to cross-present tumor antigens to T cells.
  • To counteract tumor progression using engineered bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of a commensal bacterium from the human skin microbiota.
  • Utilizing the engineered bacterium to present tumor antigens.
  • Evaluating the bacterium's effect on T cells and tumor progression.

Main Results:

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  • The engineered bacterium successfully cross-presented tumor antigens to T cells.
  • The bacterial therapy demonstrated efficacy in counteracting tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering commensal bacteria is a viable strategy for cancer therapy.
  • This approach enhances anti-tumor immune responses.
  • Bacterial therapy holds potential for future cancer treatments.