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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

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Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

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Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
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Iatrogenic Atrioventricular Block.

Christopher C Cheung1, Shumpei Mori2, Edward P Gerstenfeld1

  • 1Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, MU-East 4th Floor, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Cardiology Clinics
|June 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iatrogenic atrioventricular (AV) block, often resulting from cardiac procedures, can necessitate pacemaker implantation. This review covers causes, predictors, and management of AV block following interventions.

Keywords:
Atrioventricular blockCardiac surgeryCatheter ablationComplete heart blockIatrogenicTranscatheter valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Procedures

Background:

  • Iatrogenic atrioventricular (AV) block is a complication of cardiac interventions.
  • Patients undergoing aortic/mitral valve surgery or transcatheter aortic valve replacement face high risks.
  • Electrophysiologic procedures also carry risks of AV conduction system injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the causes of iatrogenic AV block.
  • To identify predictors for developing AV block.
  • To outline general management strategies for iatrogenic AV block.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of iatrogenic atrioventricular block.
  • Analysis of causes and risk factors in cardiac surgery and electrophysiology.
  • Synthesis of management guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Aortic and mitral valve surgery pose significant risks for perioperative AV block.
  • Transcatheter aortic valve replacement increases AV block incidence.
  • Catheter ablation procedures can lead to AV conduction disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding iatrogenic AV block causes and predictors is crucial.
  • Timely management is essential for patients experiencing AV block post-procedure.
  • Further research may refine prevention and treatment strategies.