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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

686
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
686
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

460
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
460
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

246
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
246
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

483
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
483
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

514
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
514
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

1.1K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Laminectomy and Spinal Cord Window Implantation in the Mouse
06:59

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Published on: October 23, 2019

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Spinal anesthesia in ambulatory surgery.

Ann-Kristin Schubert1, Thomas Wiesmann2, Hinnerk Wulf1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology
|June 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal anesthesia offers a safe alternative for outpatient surgery. Flexible local anesthetics and improved urinary retention management enhance its use in ambulatory settings, reducing hospital admissions.

Keywords:
ambulatory anesthesialocal anestheticsoutpatient settingpostoperative urinary retentionspinal anesthesia

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Ambulatory Surgery

Background:

  • Spinal anesthesia is underutilized in ambulatory settings due to concerns about duration flexibility and postoperative urinary retention.
  • Current anesthetic options limit adaptability for diverse outpatient surgical needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review local anesthetics for flexible spinal anesthesia in ambulatory surgery.
  • To assess current evidence on managing postoperative urinary retention in outpatients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available and off-label local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia.
  • Analysis of recent studies on postoperative urinary retention management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Approved local anesthetics meet most ambulatory surgery requirements.
  • Evidence supports safe management of urinary retention, with wider discharge criteria and lower admission rates.
  • Off-label use of certain local anesthetics shows potential for improved outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal anesthesia can be adapted for ambulatory surgery using available local anesthetics.
  • Optimized management of urinary retention further supports safe outpatient spinal anesthesia.
  • Further research into off-label anesthetic use could enhance ambulatory surgical care.