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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Radiosynthesis, Quality Control, and Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of 68Ga-Labelled Nano Molecules
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Variability in PET image quality and quantification measured with a permanently filled 68Ge-phantom: a multi-center

O Sipilä1, J Liukkonen2, H-L Halme3

  • 1HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 442, 00029, Helsinki, Finland. outi.sipila@hus.fi.

EJNMMI Physics
|June 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed PET/CT scanner variability in Finland using a phantom. Results show significant variability in quantitative accuracy, but most scanners meet accreditation standards with optimization.

Keywords:
68Ge NEMA/IEC phantomImage qualityPET-CTRecovery coefficient

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Medical Imaging Physics

Background:

  • Evaluated variability in quantitative accuracy and image quality (IQ) of clinical PET [18F]FDG whole-body protocols in Finland.
  • Utilized a NEMA/IEC IQ phantom filled with 68Ge for a snapshot assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the variability in quantification and image quality of clinically utilized PET [18F]FDG whole-body protocols.
  • To compare recovery coefficients (RCs) against EARL 18F standards 2 accreditation (EARL2) limits.
  • To investigate the impact of image noise on quantitative parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Imaged a NEMA/IEC IQ phantom on 14 PET-CT scanners from two vendors.
  • Measured variability in RCs (RCmax, RCmean, RCpeak), percent background variability (PBV), coefficient of variation of the background (COV_BG), and accuracy of corrections (AOC).
  • Conducted 20 repeated measurements using clinical and standardized protocols, and analyzed averaged images (AVIs) to study image noise impact.

Main Results:

  • Routine protocols showed up to 68% variability in RCmax, decreasing to 36% with exclusions. Intra-scanner variability was 10%.
  • Most RCs met EARL2 ranges, but exact limits were variably met. RCpeak was more robust than RCmax and RCmean.
  • PBV, COV_BG, and AOC varied (2.3-11.8%, 9.6-17.8%, 4.8-32.0% respectively). Averaged images reduced RC ranges, PBV, and COV_BG. Protocols without point-spread-function (PSF) correction showed higher AOC.

Conclusions:

  • Maximum variability in RC values for [18F]FDG protocols was approximately 60%.
  • Properly cross-calibrated scanners with PSF correction generally met EARL2 RC ranges, but further optimization is needed for exact limits.
  • RCpeak demonstrated the most robustness against image noise; RCs and PBV were sensitive to noise, unlike COV_BG.