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Internal work and physiological responses during concentric and eccentric cycle ergometry.

R Wells, M Morrissey, R Hughson

    European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
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    Internal mechanical work is crucial for accurately interpreting physiological responses during cycling exercise. Including this internal work significantly impacts calculations of concentric and eccentric cycling efficiency, especially at higher cadences.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Science
    • Biomechanics
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Physiological responses to cycle ergometry are typically assessed by external work output.
    • Internal mechanical work, the energy expended to move limbs, is often overlooked in such assessments.
    • Understanding internal work is vital for accurate interpretation of exercise intensity and efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify internal mechanical work during cycling at varying speeds and workloads.
    • To determine the impact of internal work on calculated concentric and eccentric cycling work rates.
    • To highlight the importance of including internal work for accurate physiological comparisons.

    Main Methods:

    • Cinematography was used to calculate segmental energy changes for determining internal work.

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  • An eccentric ergometer was employed for direct measurement of internal work.
  • Internal work rates were calculated at pedal frequencies of 30, 60, and 90 min⁻¹.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean internal work rates increased with pedal frequency (11.5 W at 30 min⁻¹, 20 W at 60 min⁻¹, 62 W at 90 min⁻¹).
    • Inclusion of internal work increased concentric work rates (up to 51%) and decreased eccentric work rates (up to 60%), particularly at low workloads and high pedal frequencies.
    • Neglecting internal work introduced significant errors (12–97%) when comparing concentric and eccentric cycling at equal uncorrected work rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Internal mechanical work is a significant factor in cycling biomechanics and exercise physiology.
    • Accurate interpretation of physiological responses during concentric and eccentric ergometry necessitates the inclusion of internal work.
    • The impact of internal work is most pronounced at higher pedal frequencies (>60 min⁻¹) and lower workloads.