Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

164
Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
164
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

4.1K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
4.1K
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

219
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
219
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

232
Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
232
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

54.8K
Overview
54.8K
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

48
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
48

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prophylactic biliary stenting post-ERCP prior to cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgical endoscopy·2026
Same author

Prevalence of Infectious Pathogens Among Voluntary and Replacement Blood Donors in Pakistan: An 18-Year Experience.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Role of the PTPN22 C1858T (R263Q) variant in tuberculosis susceptibility: genetic and functional evidence from a South Asian cohort.

BMC medical genomics·2026
Same author

Microbial intervention by <i>Acinetobacter schindleri</i> SR-5-1 alleviates cadmium toxicity in pea cultivation.

Plant signaling & behavior·2026
Same author

Maternal Outcomes Following Kangaroo Mother Care in Women With Postpartum Depression: A Descriptive Study.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Comparative Analysis of Outcomes and Readmissions Trends in Adult and Pediatric Acute Biliary Pancreatitis: A Nationwide Analysis.

Pancreas·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

9.1K

Antibiotics Associated With Clostridium difficile Infection.

Abdur Rafey1, Shah Jahan2, Umer Farooq2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, PAK.

Cureus
|June 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is often linked to antibiotics like piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem. Other risk factors include proton pump inhibitors and hospital stays, highlighting the need for careful antibiotic stewardship.

Keywords:
ceftriaxoneciprofloxacinclostridium difficilelevofloxacinmeropenempiperacillin/tazobactamvancomycin

More Related Videos

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

12.6K
A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

9.1K
Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

12.6K
A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
  • The C. difficile type BI/NAP1/027 strain is associated with severe infections.
  • Historically, certain antibiotics like clindamycin and fluoroquinolones were linked to CDI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate recent antibiotic use associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
  • To identify other risk factors contributing to CDI development.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, single-center study was conducted over eight years.
  • 58 patients with diarrhea and positive C. difficile toxin in stool were analyzed.
  • Data collected included prior antibiotic use, age, malignancy, hospital stay, and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • 93% of CDI patients received prior antibiotics for at least four days.
  • Piperacillin/tazobactam (77.60%), meropenem (27.60%), and vancomycin (20.70%) were the most common associated antibiotics.
  • Other risk factors included proton pump inhibitor use (98%), prior hospitalization (93%), and solid organ malignancy (67.20%).

Conclusions:

  • Piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and levofloxacin are key antibiotics linked to CDI.
  • Proton pump inhibitor use, prior hospital admission, solid organ malignancy, neutropenia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease are significant risk factors for CDI.