Antiadhesive Nanofibrous Materials for Medicine: Preventing Undesirable Tissue Adhesions

Undesirable postoperative tissue adhesions remain among the most common complications after surgery. Apart from pharmacological antiadhesive agents, various physical barriers have been developed in order to prevent postoperative tissue adhesions. Nevertheless, many introduced materials suffer from shortcomings during in vivo application. Thus, there is an increasing need to develop a novel barrier material. However, various challenging criteria have to be met, so this issue pushes the research in materials to its current limits. Nanofibers play a major role in breaking the wall of this issue. Due to their properties, such as a large surface area for functionalization, tunable degradation rate, or the possibility of layering individual nanofibrous materials, it is feasible to create an antiadhesive surface while maintaining biocompatibility. There are many ways to produce nanofibrous material; electrospinning is the most used and versatile technique. This review reveals the different approaches and puts them into context.