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An inkjet-printed bendable antenna for wearable electronics.

Hang Yu1,2, Xingguo Zhang1, Hao Zheng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

International Journal of Bioprinting
|June 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel inkjet-printed flexible antenna for wearable electronics. The proposed antenna demonstrates robust performance under bending, making it suitable for advanced applications.

Keywords:
Bendable antennaCoplanar waveguidesFlexible antennaInkjet printing

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering and Applied Electromagnetics
  • Materials Science for Electronics
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Flexible antennas are crucial for wearable electronics but are susceptible to performance degradation when bent.
  • Inkjet printing offers a viable additive manufacturing method for flexible antennas, yet its bending performance requires further investigation.
  • Traditional microstrip antennas often suffer from large dielectric thickness and volume, limiting their integration into compact wearable devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and characterize a novel, compact, bendable coplanar waveguide antenna for ultra-wideband applications.
  • To investigate the bending performance of an inkjet-printed flexible antenna through both simulation and experimental validation.
  • To combine fractal and serpentine antenna designs to achieve ultra-wideband features while minimizing antenna size and dielectric layer thickness.

Main Methods:

  • Antenna structure optimization was performed using Ansys high-frequency structure simulator.
  • Fabrication of the antenna was achieved via inkjet printing on a flexible polyimide substrate.
  • Experimental characterization included return loss, bandwidth measurements, and performance evaluation under various bending conditions (traverse, longitudinal, and skin proximity).

Main Results:

  • The fabricated antenna achieved a central frequency of 2.5 GHz, return loss of -32 dB, and absolute bandwidth of 850 MHz, consistent with simulations.
  • The antenna exhibits anti-interference capabilities and meets ultra-wideband requirements.
  • Under bending conditions (radius > 30 mm, skin proximity > 1 mm), resonance frequency offsets remained within 360 MHz, and return loss stayed within -14 dB compared to the unbent state.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed inkjet-printed flexible antenna demonstrates excellent bendability and stable performance, validating its suitability for wearable applications.
  • The combination of fractal and serpentine designs in a coplanar waveguide structure effectively achieves ultra-wideband operation in a compact form factor.
  • The study highlights the potential of inkjet printing for fabricating high-performance, conformable antennas for the growing wearable electronics market.