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Related Concept Videos

Impact01:30

Impact

178
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
178
Impact: Problem Solving01:26

Impact: Problem Solving

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In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
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Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid01:09

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

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As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...
543
Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids
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Velocity field and cavity dynamics in drop impact experiments.

V Lherm1,2, R Deguen3

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.

Journal of Fluid Mechanics
|June 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Investigating liquid drop impacts reveals complex flow dynamics and crater shapes, crucial for understanding natural processes like planetary cratering. A new model accurately predicts these phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Geophysics
  • Impact physics

Background:

  • Drop impacts simulate natural phenomena, from raindrops to planetary craters.
  • Accurate modeling of cratering flow is essential for planetary impact studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cavity dynamics and velocity field during liquid drop impacts.
  • To develop a predictive model for cratering flow and shape evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Particle image velocimetry (PIV) to analyze liquid drop impact dynamics.
  • Shifted Legendre polynomials decomposition for quantitative velocity field analysis.
  • Derivation of a semi-analytical model based on Bernoulli's equation and kinematic boundary conditions.

Main Results:

  • The velocity field is more complex than previously modeled, influenced by non-hemispherical crater shapes.
  • Dominant velocity field components are degrees 0 and 1, with contributions from degree 2.
  • The flow becomes independent of Froude and Weber numbers at high values.
  • The derived model accurately explains experimental observations and predicts crater evolution, including central jet initiation.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a more accurate description of liquid drop impact dynamics and crater formation.
  • The developed semi-analytical model offers predictive capabilities for impact cratering processes.
  • Findings enhance understanding of natural phenomena involving fluid impacts and cratering.