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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Skin Cancer

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A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis
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Alopecia Areata Barbae in a Nutshell.

Adaeze Nwosu1, Mariya Miteva1

  • 1Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Skin Appendage Disorders
|June 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Beard alopecia areata (BAA) primarily affects middle-aged men, often starting on the neck and spreading to the scalp. Janus kinase inhibitors show promise for beard regrowth, with up to 75% improvement.

Keywords:
Autoimmune disordersBeard alopecia areataDermoscopyHair follicle immunologyJanus kinase inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Beard alopecia areata (BAA) is a specific form of alopecia areata, an autoimmune condition impacting hair follicles.
  • It is characterized by T-cell mediated inflammation leading to premature hair cycle arrest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance clinicians' expertise in evaluating, diagnosing, and managing BAA.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on BAA.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted following modified PRISMA guidelines.
  • Relevant keywords were used across electronic databases to identify 25 articles on BAA.

Main Results:

  • BAA predominantly affects middle-aged men (average age 31), typically presenting with patchy hair loss on the neck that extends to the scalp within a year.
  • Associated autoimmune conditions include H. pylori and thyroiditis, but unlike alopecia areata, BAA lacks a clear genetic inheritance pattern.
  • Dermoscopic findings like vellus white hairs and exclamation mark hairs aid in differentiating BAA from other facial hair loss conditions. The ALBAS tool provides an objective measure for BAA severity.

Conclusions:

  • Janus kinase inhibitors (topical and oral) are demonstrating significant efficacy in treating BAA, achieving up to 75% beard regrowth in approximately 12 months.
  • These newer treatments offer improved outcomes compared to traditional topical steroids.