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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis: What We Know So Far.

Anne Kelly Leroy1, Rita Fernanda Cortez de Almeida1, Daniel Lago Obadia1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SSD) is a common inflammatory skin condition. This review covers its causes, diagnostic features like trichoscopy, and current and emerging treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Dermatopathology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SSD) is a prevalent, chronic, and relapsing inflammatory skin condition.
  • Its etiology involves sebum production, bacterial proliferation (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Malassezia restricta), and host immune factors (NK1+, CD16+ cells, IL-1, IL-8).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, trichoscopic and histopathologic findings, differential diagnoses, and therapeutic options for scalp seborrheic dermatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on scalp seborrheic dermatitis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including trichoscopy and histopathology.
  • Evaluation of current and novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Trichoscopy commonly shows arborizing vessels and yellowish scales, with newer findings including dandelion vascular conglomerate, "cherry blossom" pattern, and intrafollicular oily material.
  • Etiology is multifactorial, involving microbial and immune system components.
  • Antifungals and corticosteroids are primary treatments, with new options emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifactorial etiology and characteristic trichoscopic findings aids in diagnosing scalp seborrheic dermatitis.
  • Comprehensive management requires addressing inflammation, microbial factors, and considering novel therapeutic approaches.