Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

127
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
127
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

1.9K
Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
1.9K
Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

4.2K
A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
4.2K
Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods01:08

Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods

187
Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
187
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

2.0K
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
2.0K
Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

3.6K
A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seroprotection after Measles Vaccination in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia Receiving Hydroxyurea.

Blood advances·2026
Same author

Clinical Model-Informed Precision Dosing Consult Service for Accelerating Personalized Medication in Pediatric Patients.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

Persistent Splenomegaly Is Associated with Morbidity in Tanzanian Children with Sickle Cell Anemia: Secondary Analysis of the SPHERE Trial.

Acta haematologica·2026
Same author

Growth and puberty in African children with sickle cell anemia treated with hydroxyurea.

Blood advances·2026
Same author

Creative and Adaptive Solutions for Early Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa.

American journal of hematology·2026
Same author

Advancing Sickle Cell Disease Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Disease Modifying Therapies.

American journal of hematology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

18.6K

Hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics and precision dosing in low-resource settings.

Luke R Smart1,2,3, Mwesige Charles4, Kathryn E McElhinney1

  • 1Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|June 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Simplified hydroxyurea analysis using portable HPLC in Tanzania enables personalized sickle cell anemia treatment. This approach overcomes resource limitations, improving access to effective hydroxyurea dosing and patient care.

Keywords:
high performance liquid chromatographyhydroxyureapharmacokineticsprecision dosingsickle cell disease

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management
05:35

Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management

Published on: January 19, 2024

868
Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine
08:31

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

Published on: October 11, 2019

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

18.6K
Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management
05:35

Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management

Published on: January 19, 2024

868
Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine
08:31

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

Published on: October 11, 2019

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Hydroxyurea is a crucial disease-modifying therapy for sickle cell anemia (SCA).
  • Optimizing hydroxyurea dosage via pharmacokinetic (PK) guidance enhances efficacy but is hindered by complex analytical needs in low-resource settings.
  • A simplified method for hydroxyurea PK analysis is essential to broaden treatment accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a simplified, portable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantifying serum hydroxyurea.
  • To assess the feasibility of this method in a low-resource setting (Tanzania) for PK-guided hydroxyurea dosing in SCA patients.
  • To facilitate knowledge transfer and capacity building for hydroxyurea analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Reagents for serum hydroxyurea detection via HPLC were prepared and stored.
  • Two HPLC systems (standard benchtop and portable PolyLC) were used for validation in the United States.
  • The portable HPLC system and reagents were transported to Tanzania for on-site validation and training.

Main Results:

  • Both HPLC systems achieved high linearity (R² > 0.99) and accuracy (within 10%-20%) for hydroxyurea quantification.
  • The portable PolyLC system demonstrated high precision (2.5% coefficient of variance) and reliability after transport to Tanzania (R² > 0.99).
  • Successful setup, training, and validation confirmed the method's applicability in the Tanzanian laboratory setting.

Conclusions:

  • A modified portable HPLC instrument can accurately and precisely measure serum hydroxyurea, making PK-guided dosing feasible in low-resource settings.
  • This approach addresses logistical and financial barriers, potentially improving access to optimized hydroxyurea treatment for SCA.
  • The study demonstrates successful capacity building and knowledge transfer, paving the way for prospective testing of PK-guided hydroxyurea dosing.