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RNA-Sequencing Reveals Gene Expression and Pathway Signatures in Umbilical Cord Blood Affected by Birth Delivery Mode

Yongjie Liu1, Kun Sun2, Yuexin Gan1

  • 1Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China.

Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland)
|June 16, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cesarean section (CS) delivery alters offspring gene expression, impacting immune and metabolic pathways. This may explain increased risks for conditions like type I diabetes and asthma in infants born via CS.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Immunology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Cesarean section (CS) is linked to increased offspring risks for various diseases, including type I diabetes, asthma, and obesity.
  • The precise biological mechanisms underlying these increased health risks in infants born via CS remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of CS on gene expression in the cord blood of newborns.
  • To identify specific genes and pathways affected by CS delivery that may contribute to long-term health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing was performed on cord blood from infants born via elective CS and vaginal delivery (VD).
  • Analyses included single-gene analysis, gene set enrichment, co-expression networks, and protein-protein interactions.
  • Key findings were validated in a larger cohort of CS and VD infants.

Main Results:

  • CS significantly influenced the mRNA expression of genes involved in immune response (e.g., IL12A, INFG, IL1B, TNF) and metabolism (e.g., DLK1, CYP2A6).
  • Serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in CS infants compared to VD infants.
  • These molecular changes suggest a biological basis for CS-associated health risks.

Conclusions:

  • CS delivery impacts offspring gene expression in critical immune and metabolic pathways.
  • These alterations provide a potential mechanism for the increased risk of chronic diseases observed in CS-born infants.
  • Identifying these gene expression changes can help develop biomarkers for assessing the future health of infants based on delivery mode.

Keywords:
Cesarean sectionEphrin receptor signaling pathwayImmune responseMetabolismRibosome

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