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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Racial and Ethnic Variation in Complementary and Integrative Health Therapy Use Among US Veterans.

Jessica Tobin1, Steven B Zeliadt2,3, Dawn M Upchurch4

  • 1Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.

JAMA Network Open
|June 16, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial and ethnic differences in complementary and integrative health (CIH) therapy use among veterans largely disappeared when accounting for medical facility location. This highlights the importance of considering facility and geographic factors in understanding CIH therapy utilization disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Complementary and Integrative Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Complementary and Integrative Health (CIH) therapies are increasingly utilized, yet understanding racial and ethnic differences in access and use remains crucial.
  • Previous research indicates higher CIH use among White individuals, but nuances related to demographics and healthcare settings require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial and ethnic disparities in the utilization of VA-covered CIH therapies.
  • To examine how demographic characteristics, health conditions, and medical facility locations influence these disparities.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed electronic health records and administrative data from Veterans Affairs (VA) users between October 2018 and September 2019.
  • The study included over 5.2 million veterans, examining the use of acupuncture, chiropractic care, massage therapy, yoga, and meditation/mindfulness.
  • Data were analyzed controlling for demographic factors, health conditions, and crucially, medical facility location.

Main Results:

  • Significant racial and ethnic differences in the use of four out of five CIH therapies were observed when facility location was not considered.
  • Chiropractic care was most used by non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, and other racial/ethnic groups, while acupuncture was most common among Black veterans.
  • After adjusting for medical facility location, most observed differences diminished, with Black veterans showing less yoga use and more chiropractic care use compared to non-Hispanic White veterans.

Conclusions:

  • Racial and ethnic disparities in CIH therapy use within the VA system are significantly influenced by medical facility location.
  • Facility location may act as a proxy for patient demographics, CIH therapy availability, and regional attitudes towards these therapies.
  • Future research and policy should account for geographic and facility-level factors to accurately address CIH therapy utilization disparities.