Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity01:17

Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity

2.8K
In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
This has been verified in many experiments. However, space and time are no longer absolute. Two observers moving relative to one another do not agree on the length of objects or the passage of time. The mechanics of objects based on Newton's laws of...
2.8K
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

443
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
443
Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

34.4K
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
34.4K
Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

8.0K
A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
8.0K
Curvilinear Motion: Polar Coordinates01:27

Curvilinear Motion: Polar Coordinates

404
In polar coordinates, the motion of a particle follows a curvilinear path. The radial coordinate symbolized as 'r,' extends outward from a fixed origin to the particle, while the angular coordinate, 'θ,' measured in radians, represents the counterclockwise angle between a fixed reference line and the radial line connecting the origin to the particle.
The particle's location is described using a unit vector along the radial direction. Deriving the particle's position...
404
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

17.2K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
17.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Superblackbody Metasurface Activates CO<sub>2</sub> Vibrational Mode for Enhanced Selectivity in CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Ultrafast space-time optical merons in momentum-energy space.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Metasurface quantum graphs for generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Driven bright solitons on a mid-infrared laser chip.

Nature·2025
Same author

Rotatum of light.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Free-standing bilayer metasurfaces in the visible.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
00:07

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.5K

Topologically protected optical polarization singularities in four-dimensional space.

Christina M Spaegele1, Michele Tamagnone1,2, Soon Wei Daniel Lim1

  • 1Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Science Advances
|June 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrate a complete, topologically protected polarization singularity in four dimensions. This breakthrough in optical singularities can advance topological photonics and precision sensing applications.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy
05:54

Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.2K
Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
00:07

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.5K
Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy
05:54

Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.2K
Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Modern optics
  • Topological photonics
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Optical singularities are crucial in structured light, microscopy, and holography.
  • Existing polarization singularities are partial or unstable under perturbations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a complete, topologically protected polarization singularity.
  • To explore its creation in a four-dimensional space (3 spatial dimensions + wavelength).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a cascaded metasurface-lens system.
  • Leveraging the field Jacobian for designing higher-dimensional singularities.

Main Results:

  • A complete, topologically protected polarization singularity was successfully demonstrated.
  • The singularity exists in a four-dimensional space including wavelength.

Conclusions:

  • This work introduces a new class of polarization singularities.
  • These findings open avenues for novel applications in topological photonics and precision sensing.