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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

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Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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Noncoding translation: Quality control in the BAG.

Jessica J Mohsen1, Sarah A Slavoff2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.

Molecular Cell
|June 16, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The BAG6 complex controls the quality of noncoding translation, a process often increased in disease. This mechanism targets stable, unusual proteins to cellular membranes for proper cellular function.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Translation of noncoding regions is a fundamental biological process.
  • Aberrant translation of noncoding regions is increasingly recognized in various diseases.
  • The BAG6 complex is a known player in cellular protein quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which the BAG6 complex regulates noncoding translation.
  • To understand how the BAG6 complex targets noncanonical polypeptides.
  • To investigate the role of BAG6 in disease-associated noncoding translation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized biochemical assays to study protein-protein interactions.
  • Employed cell-based models to observe translation and protein localization.
  • Performed genetic manipulation to assess the function of the BAG6 complex.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the BAG6 complex actively monitors and controls the translation of noncoding regions.
  • Identified specific pathways through which the BAG6 complex targets stable, noncanonical polypeptides.
  • Showcased the BAG6 complex's role in preventing the accumulation of potentially harmful translation products.

Conclusions:

  • The BAG6 complex is a critical regulator of noncoding translation quality control.
  • Understanding this mechanism provides insights into disease pathologies linked to aberrant translation.
  • Targeting the BAG6 complex may offer therapeutic strategies for diseases involving noncoding translation.