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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Pen-drawn Marangoni swimmer.

Seo Woo Song^1,2, Sumin Lee^3,4, Jun Kyu Choe⁵

¹Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. seowoo313@snu.ac.kr.

Nature Communications

|June 16, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created pen-drawn Marangoni swimmers for robot construction. These simple, ink-based robots perform complex programmed tasks, demonstrating advanced motion and navigation capabilities.

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Area of Science:

Robotics
Materials Science
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Pen-drawing offers an intuitive and creative fabrication method for adaptive designs.
Miniaturized swimming robots have potential in various applications but often require complex manufacturing.
Marangoni effect-driven swimmers offer a promising avenue for micro-robotics.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the application of pen-drawing for robot construction.
To develop pen-drawn Marangoni swimmers capable of complex programmed tasks.
To explore the versatility of pen-drawing for creating adaptive robotic systems.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of Marangoni swimmers by drawing on substrates using ink-based Marangoni fuel.
Programming complex robotic motions through the design of drawn patterns.
Integration of swimmers with time-varying substrates for multi-step tasks.

Main Results:

Pen-drawn swimmers exhibited advanced robotic motions, including polygon and star-shaped trajectories.
The swimmers successfully navigated through maze environments.
Multi-step motion tasks, such as cargo delivery and return, were achieved by integrating with dynamic substrates.

Conclusions:

Pen-drawing provides a simple and accessible manufacturing process for creating functional robotic swimmers.
The developed pen-based approach significantly expands the potential applications of miniaturized swimming robots.
This method offers new opportunities for simple and adaptive robotic implementations.