Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

598
In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
598
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

2.6K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
2.6K
Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

351
Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured...
351
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

4.4K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
4.4K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

29.1K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
29.1K
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

117
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
117

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Erratum: Dynamical large deviations of linear diffusions [Phys. Rev. E 107, 054111 (2023)].

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Large deviations of the stochastic area for linear diffusions.

Physical review. E·2023
Same author

Adaptive power method for estimating large deviations in Markov chains.

Physical review. E·2023
Same author

Noise correction of large deviations with anomalous scaling.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

Learning nonequilibrium control forces to characterize dynamical phase transitions.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

Role of current fluctuations in nonreversible samplers.

Physical review. E·2021
Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.6K

Dynamical large deviations of linear diffusions.

Johan du Buisson1, Hugo Touchette2

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.

Physical Review. E
|June 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied fluctuations in linear diffusion systems using large deviation theory. Exact results reveal how these fluctuations arise from effective forces or fluctuating currents in nonequilibrium systems.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in Turbid Solutions by Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy
09:16

Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in Turbid Solutions by Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy

Published on: January 9, 2017

14.5K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.6K
Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in Turbid Solutions by Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy
09:16

Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in Turbid Solutions by Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy

Published on: January 9, 2017

14.5K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics
  • Stochastic Processes

Background:

  • Linear diffusions model physical systems like Brownian motion and electrical circuits with thermal noise.
  • Understanding fluctuations is crucial for characterizing nonequilibrium systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive exact results for time-integrated functionals of linear diffusions.
  • To analyze fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems using large deviation theory.

Main Methods:

  • Application of large deviation theory techniques.
  • Derivation of scaled cumulant generating functions and rate functions.
  • Analysis of underlying path ensembles and effective processes.

Main Results:

  • Exact results for fluctuations of linear and quadratic time-integrated functionals.
  • Characterization of fluctuations via linear effective forces or fluctuating currents solving Riccati equations.
  • Complete description of fluctuation origins in linear diffusions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding fluctuations in linear diffusions.
  • The derived methods and results are applicable to various nonequilibrium physical models.
  • Illustrative examples include 2D transverse diffusion and interacting particles in heat baths.