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Related Concept Videos

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

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Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
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Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

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Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Protein Transport to the Thylakoids01:22

Protein Transport to the Thylakoids

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Thylakoids are membrane-bound sac-like structures within the chloroplast that serve as sites for photosynthesis. Thylakoid lumen contains many electron transport proteins and is enclosed by a thylakoid membrane rich in the light-harvesting complex. Proteins targeted to the thylakoids are transported as precursors and are sorted by the general TOC/TIC import pathway. Once the precursor reaches the stroma, stromal processing peptidases remove their transit signal and expose thylakoid signal...
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Related Experiment Video

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Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking
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The sorting platform in the type III secretion pathway: From assembly to function.

Jose Eduardo Soto1, María Lara-Tejero1

  • 1Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|June 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) uses a sorting platform (SP) to deliver effector proteins into host cells. Understanding SP assembly and substrate sorting is key to combating bacterial infections.

Keywords:
bacterial pathogenesisnanomachine assemblyprotein secretionsorting platformtype III secretion system

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a critical bacterial virulence factor.
  • It functions as a nanomachine for direct protein delivery into eukaryotic hosts.
  • The cytosolic sorting platform (SP) is essential for substrate recruitment and secretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent findings on the T3SS sorting platform (SP).
  • To detail the SP's structure, function, and assembly pathway.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of substrate recruitment and sorting by the SP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on T3SS SP.
  • Analysis of structural and functional data of the SP complex.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms governing substrate selection and sorting.

Main Results:

  • Recent advances have illuminated the SP's intricate structure and assembly process.
  • Key molecular mechanisms for hierarchical substrate recruitment and sorting have been identified.
  • The SP plays a crucial role in orchestrating effector protein secretion.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of the SP is vital for deciphering T3SS function.
  • Elucidating SP mechanisms offers insights into host-pathogen interactions.
  • Targeting the T3SS SP could lead to novel anti-bacterial strategies.