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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
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Cannabis for morning sickness: areas for intervention to decrease cannabis consumption during pregnancy.

Karli Swenson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, RC1 North MS 8313, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. Karli.Swenson@CUAnschutz.edu.

Journal of Cannabis Research
|June 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabis use in pregnancy is rising, posing risks to fetal development. Interventions are needed across healthcare, dispensaries, and social services to educate pregnant patients and reduce use.

Keywords:
CannabidiolCannabisMarijuanaMorning sicknessPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Increasing rates of cannabis use among pregnant individuals reported in Colorado and California.
  • Patients self-medicate with cannabis for nausea, anxiety, and pain during pregnancy.
  • Preclinical and clinical evidence indicates adverse effects of fetal cannabis exposure on offspring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key intervention points to decrease cannabis consumption during pregnancy.
  • To address the growing public health concern of cannabis use in pregnant populations.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search using keywords like "cannabis", "pregnancy", and "morning sickness".
  • Inclusion of data from scientific databases, social media, and governmental sources.
  • Analysis of potential intervention strategies based on available literature.

Main Results:

  • Identified intervention areas include healthcare provider education (physicians, pharmacists), patient engagement strategies, dispensary worker regulation, and the role of child protective services.
  • Multiple independent recommendations can be implemented concurrently.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis use during pregnancy presents significant risks to fetal development.
  • Addressing educational gaps at various touchpoints is crucial for informing pregnant patients about these risks.
  • Further research is needed due to limited data and the complex sociopolitical landscape of substance use in pregnancy.