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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo
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Current advances in microbial-based cancer therapies.

Areej Shahbaz1, Tehreem Mahmood2, Muhammad Uzair Javed2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)
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Microbial therapies, using bacteria and viruses, offer a novel approach to cancer treatment by targeting tumors and stimulating immune responses. These methods show promise for overcoming limitations of traditional therapies and drug resistance.

Keywords:
Bacteria-based therapyCancerCancer therapyMicrobiomeVirus-based therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Microbes possess vast metabolic capabilities and complex interactions with cancer.
  • Traditional cancer therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy face challenges including toxicity, poor drug penetration, and drug resistance.
  • Cancer immunotherapy has advanced significantly through understanding tumor-infiltrating immune cells and anti-cancer immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore microbial-based cancer therapy as a novel strategy to overcome limitations of existing treatments.
  • To review the mechanisms by which bacteria and viruses target and inhibit tumor cell proliferation.
  • To discuss ongoing clinical trials and future modifications for microbial cancer therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on microbial-based cancer therapies.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of bacterial and viral tumor targeting.
  • Examination of clinical trial data and future prospects.

Main Results:

  • Microbial therapies can selectively target tumor cells and inhibit their proliferation.
  • These agents can overcome challenges associated with conventional cancer treatments.
  • Microbial agents can suppress tumor growth within the tumor microenvironment and elicit anti-tumor immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial-based cancer therapies, including bacterial and viral agents, represent a promising frontier in cancer treatment.
  • These novel strategies offer advantages over traditional methods by enhancing selectivity and leveraging immune responses.
  • Further research and clinical trials are essential to optimize microbial therapies for effective cancer treatment.