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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Riboswitches01:56

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
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Plastid-mediated RNA interference: A potential strategy for efficient pest control.

Shengchun Li1, Dae Sung Kim1, Jiang Zhang1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|June 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Plastid-mediated RNA interference (PM-RNAi) offers species-specific pest insect control by engineering chloroplasts to produce double-stranded RNAs. This review covers PM-RNAi progress, efficacy factors, and strategies for improving this promising agricultural technology.

Keywords:
RNAi efficiencycrop protectiondouble-stranded RNAsplastid engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent pest management tool due to its sequence-specific action, ensuring minimal harm to non-target organisms.
  • Engineering the plastid (chloroplast) genome to produce double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) is a novel strategy for plant protection against arthropod pests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in plastid-mediated RNAi (PM-RNAi) for effective pest control.
  • To identify factors influencing PM-RNAi efficacy and propose strategies for enhancement.
  • To discuss challenges and biosafety considerations for the commercialization of PM-RNAi technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on plastid genome engineering for RNAi applications.
  • Analysis of factors affecting dsRNA production and stability in plastids.
  • Evaluation of pest control efficacy and species-selectivity data.

Main Results:

  • Plastid-mediated RNAi (PM-RNAi) demonstrates significant potential for targeted pest control.
  • Factors such as dsRNA expression levels, stability, and delivery influence PM-RNAi efficacy.
  • Successful examples of PM-RNAi against various insect pests have been reported.

Conclusions:

  • PM-RNAi represents a powerful and selective approach for sustainable pest management.
  • Further research is needed to optimize dsRNA expression and stability in plastids for improved efficacy.
  • Addressing biosafety concerns is crucial for the successful commercial adoption of PM-RNAi technology.