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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
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Targeting the PRC2-dependent epigenetic program alleviates urinary tract infections.

Chunming Guo1,2, Mingyi Zhao2,3, Xinbing Sui2

  • 1Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 3089, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.

Iscience
|June 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic regulator Ezh2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) drives inflammation and damage in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Inhibiting Ezh2 offers a potential non-antibiotic treatment for chronic and severe UTIs.

Keywords:
EpigeneticsHealth sciencesImmunologyMolecular mechanism of gene regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Epigenetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common globally, with recurrent infections increasing antibiotic resistance risk.
  • The polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) component Ezh2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) is implicated in cellular processes.
  • Understanding epigenetic regulation in UTIs is crucial for developing new therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Ezh2 and PRC2 in the host response to UTIs.
  • To explore Ezh2 inhibition as a potential non-antibiotic therapeutic strategy for UTIs.

Main Methods:

  • Studied Ezh2 expression in bladder urothelial cells during infection.
  • Utilized urothelium-specific PRC2 inactivation in a mouse UTI model.
  • Administered Ezh2-specific small-molecule inhibitors to infected mice.

Main Results:

  • Bladder infections increase Ezh2 expression in urothelial cells.
  • PRC2 inactivation reduced bacterial load, inflammation (NF-κB pathway), and improved urothelial regeneration.
  • Ezh2 inhibition ameliorated chronic and severe UTI outcomes in mice.

Conclusions:

  • PRC2-mediated epigenetic reprogramming influences UTI severity and inflammation.
  • Ezh2 is a key regulator of the host response to UTIs.
  • Ezh2 inhibitors represent a promising non-antibiotic approach for managing chronic and severe UTIs.