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Association of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist ( IL-1RA ) Gene Polymorphism with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in

Neha Verma1, Shally Awasthi1, Anuj K Pandey1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Global Medical Genetics
|June 19, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA) gene polymorphism A2/A2 genotype and A2 allele increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. This genotype is also linked to higher CAP mortality rates.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of mortality in children under five.
  • Genetic factors, specifically Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA) gene polymorphism, may influence CAP susceptibility and outcomes.
  • Understanding these genetic associations is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between IL-1RA gene polymorphism and the risk of CAP in children aged 2 to 59 months.
  • To determine if IL-1RA gene polymorphism is associated with mortality in hospitalized CAP cases.
  • To identify specific genotypes and alleles that confer risk or protection against CAP.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 330 hospitalized CAP cases and 330 age-matched healthy controls was conducted in Northern India.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the IL-1RA gene.
  • Statistical analysis, including adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and confidence intervals (CI), was performed to assess genetic associations.

Main Results:

  • The IL-1RA gene genotype A2/A2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAP (AOR=12.24, p<0.001).
  • A2 and A4 alleles of the IL-1RA gene were also identified as risk factors for CAP.
  • Conversely, the A1/A2 genotype showed a protective effect against CAP (AOR=0.29).
  • The A2/A2 genotype and A2 allele were further associated with increased mortality among children with CAP.

Conclusions:

  • The IL-1RA gene A2/A2 genotype and A2 allele are significant risk factors for developing CAP in young children.
  • The A1/A2 genotype of the IL-1RA gene appears to be protective against CAP.
  • Genetic variations in IL-1RA influence both the susceptibility to and mortality from CAP in pediatric populations.

Keywords:
adjusted odds ratiocommunity-acquired pneumoniainterleukin-1 receptor antagonistodds ratiopolymerase chain reactionvariable number of tandem repeats

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