Cardiac Structure and Function in Young Adults With Various Cardiometabolic Profiles

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global cause of mortality.
• Cardiometabolic abnormalities impact myocardial structure and function.
• Data on these changes in young adults with varying risk profiles are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk and echocardiographic changes in young adults.
• To utilize a cardiometabolic disease staging (CMDS) system for risk stratification.
• To analyze sex-specific differences in cardiometabolic risk factors.

Main Methods:

• Inclusion of 191 patients classified into five CMDS groups.
• Data collection through patient history, physical examination, and biochemical analysis.
• Echocardiography performed to assess cardiac structure and function.

Main Results:

• Elevated blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia were more prevalent in males.
• Progressive increases in end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) with decreased ejection fraction from CMDS 0 to 3.
• EDV and ESV correlated strongly with visceral fat, waist circumference, and BMI.

Conclusions:

• Bioimpedance analysis for visceral fat assessment is recommended alongside CMDS, particularly for CMDS 3 individuals.
• CMDS 3 patients with excess visceral fat (new subgroup: CMDS 3-overly high) face higher risk of cardiac chamber enlargement.
• Findings aid in identifying novel phenotypes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.