Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

26.9K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
26.9K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

19.5K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
19.5K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.5K
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

16.2K
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
16.2K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

417
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
417
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Green Processing Strategy for the Formation of Electrochromic Metal-Organic Assemblies.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Formation of S- and Z-twist supramolecular micro-ropes by peptide stereoisomers.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion by a Metal-Coordinated Single Amino Acid Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme Mimic.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Direct chiroptical correlation of dissymmetric crystal morphologies.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Experimental and Computational Investigation of Surface-Responsive Riboflavin-Based Self-Assembled Systems.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Autocatalytic Reaction between HCN and Cysteamine Produces Hydrophobic, Catalytic, Liquid Compartments.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

48.2K

Factors Controlling Complex Morphologies of Isomorphous Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Vivek Singh1, Yishay Feldman2, Gregory Leitus2

  • 1Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal cations influence crystal morphology, forming unique double-decker flowers and hexagonal prisms. Coordination strength and reactant ratios dictate crystal shape and structure in these novel materials.

Keywords:
MOFsgrowth mechanismhomochiralmicroCTsingle crystallinity

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.9K
Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
05:26

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

48.2K
Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.9K
Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
05:26

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Metal nitrate salts and achiral organic ligands can self-assemble into complex crystalline structures.
  • The choice of metal cation significantly impacts the resulting crystal morphology and growth patterns.
  • Understanding structure-morphology relationships is crucial for designing novel crystalline materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-assembly of bivalent metal nitrate salts (Cu, Ni, Co, Mn) with an organic ligand.
  • To explore how different metal cations and reactant ratios influence crystal morphology and structure.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind the formation of unique double-decker flower and hexagonal crystal structures.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of crystalline materials using metal nitrate salts and an achiral organic ligand.
  • Crystallographic analysis to determine structural and morphological characteristics.
  • Varying metal-to-ligand ratios to observe effects on crystal formation.
  • Microscopic analysis to study crystal textures and growth patterns.

Main Results:

  • Isomorphous hexagonal crystal structures were formed with diverse morphologies, including double-decker flowers, hexagonal bipyramids, and prisms.
  • Stronger coordinating cations (Cu, Ni) yielded unusual, uniform crystal shapes, while weaker coordinating cations (Mn, Co) produced regular hexagonal forms.
  • Copper nitrate reactions showed distinct morphologies based on reactant ratios: excess metal salt led to uniform hexagonal crystals, while excess ligand resulted in double-decker structures.
  • Chiral frameworks with helical channels were observed, and the double-decker flower crystals were found to be homochiral.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates precise control over crystal morphology through the selection of metal cations and reactant ratios.
  • Unusual double-decker flower and hexagonal crystal structures were successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • The findings provide insights into the self-assembly mechanisms and coordination chemistry governing crystal formation.